Baroque and Classicism

The Baroque style in craftsmanship that thrived in the seventeenth century is described by â€Å"intense feelings, fantastic stylistic themes, and even a sort of imaginative melodrama (Hunt, Martin and Rosenstein 473). † It is a development that was vigorously decorated and complex, fundamentally in light of the fact that it needed to bring out a solid feeling of feeling from the watcher. The craftsmen who bought in to this specific development â€Å"embraced dynamism, showiness, and expound ornamentation, all used to breathtaking impact, regularly on a pretentious scale (Klein 649). The term itself is accepted to have come room the Portuguese word pub, which alluded to a sporadically molded pearl. It to some degree fitting, as florid models, especially, have numerous mind boggling surfaces as a component of their ornamentation. A prime case of the florid style in mold is crafted by Italian stone carver Giant Lorenz Bernie, Ecstasy of SST. Teresa of Ð?vial. The model is unmi stakably rococo, first in quite a while of its structure. Taking a gander at the figure, it is anything but difficult to perceive how various the visual surfaces are in Bering's work. The enormous, thick creases of the garments of SST.Teresa stands out from the lighter, more slender surface of the attire of the blessed messenger penetrating her with a bolt. These surfaces are additionally obviously perceptible and unique in relation to the smoky surface of the cloud beneath, the smooth, porcelain-like skin of both SST. Teresa and the heavenly attendant, and the arranged beams speaking to God behind the essential figures. This assorted variety in surfaces is an appearance of the elaborate style's fixation on ornamentation, as the intricacy it makes is practically overpowering to the watcher. Another part of Bering's work that epitomizes the florid is its whitetail introduction of emotion.The decision of the topic is as of now fits such drama, since the model is portraying the SST. Te resa in one of her dazes after her transformation to Catholicism after the passing of her dad, which she portrays as being brought about by â€Å"the fire-tipped bolt of awesome love that a holy messenger had pushed more than once into her heart (Klein 654). † The feeling all over as rendered by Bernie is one of a practically sexual peak, in plain view for the viewing pleasure of anyone passing by. This condition of an orgasmic, difficult joy is a way to let the watcher comprehend on crazy footing the otherworldly experience of the divine.Only the elaborate style, with its accentuation on feeling can catch and show such a state. Elegance is a craftsmanship development that was additionally well known during the seventeenth century, yet more so in France, contrasted with the power of the extravagant in Italy. It was upheld by the French ruler, Louis XIV as the favored style for French specialists. Elegance mirrored the beliefs of the craft of days of yore: â€Å"geometric sha pes, request, and congruity of lines outweighed the erotic, rich, and enthusiastic types of the extravagant Hunt, Martin and Rosenstein 510). It reviews the old style time frame, which in human expressions alludes to the conventions of the Greeks and the Romans. There is a more grounded accentuation on evenness and straight lines in style, which exemplify the request and reason valued among craftsmen that buy in to this development. The work by French craftsman Nicholas Poisson, Discovery of Achilles on Gyros, is a brilliant case of elegance. Taking a gander at the structures in the canvas, it is anything but difficult to perceive how requested everything is. There is a strength of straight lines, not just in the old style design delineated behind Achilles and his blade, yet additionally in the stances accepted by the figures.The arms of the ladies are deliberately situated to make straight lines. The utilization of shading is additionally amicable and requested, as Poisson utilizes reciprocal shades of blue and orange to make the attire jump out. The skin tone of the all the ladies are likewise unmistakably more attractive than that of the men, in order to make the watcher plainly perceive contrasts in sex. There is a particular absence of feeling in the work of art, as the outward appearances of the figures are exceptionally unemotional and curbed.

Kraft Foods and Corporate Social Responsibility

Worldwide Challenges Singular Assignment: Kraft Foods and CSR. 2012 Global Challenges Table of Contents Table of Contents1 1. 0Introduction2 2. 0Application3 2. 1Kraft Foods Inc. 3 2. 2PESTEL Analysis3 2. 3SWOT Analysis5 2. 4Porters Five Forces5 2. 5Management at Kraft Foods Inc. 6 3. 0Corporate Social Responsibility6 3. 1Impact of CSR on Kraft Foods Inc6 4. 0Conclusion7 5. 0Recommendations7 6. 0References8 1. 0 Introduction Management is a term that is utilized and known consistently and a job that is attempted wherever you go. It’s the capacity to keep up and produce the best from a group or from an assignment, the movement of finishing an errand utilizing the assets that are accessible and assuming liability of the circumstance close by. Indeed, even as people everybody takes an interest in the board in some structure, regardless of whether it’s in a workplace or essentially from the ordinary running of life. In a negotiating prudence be that as it may, ‘management is the employments inside an association accused of running the association for the helpful owner’ (Pg no 294, Martin, 2005). This report will inspect the various standards and models of the executives, how it very well may be applied to singular organizations and organizations and afterward go on further to analyze Corporate Social Responsibility and how firms utilize this. ‘According to Mintzberg (1973) there are ten administration jobs, these are ‘Monitor, Disseminator, Spokesperson, Figurehead, Leader, Liaison, Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, Resource allocator and Negotiator’. Mintzberg suggests that each manager’s job joins various jobs, as opposed to ten individual jobs. (Boddy, 2009) For instance a CEO of an organization could be a nonentity, a representative, a pioneer just as the arbitrator; yet he would appoint different jobs to other explicit supervisors or associates. The board includes a huge measure of arranging as its sets out the bearing of the work that should be done and the destinations that should be accomplished. As indicated by Boddy (2011) ‘SMART ab breviation sums up models for surveying a lot of goals’. This spreads: Specific †Does the objective set explicit targets? Quantifiable †Ensure you can gauge the advancement towards the accomplishment of the objective Attainable †Assuring the objectives are testing yet reachable Rewarded-A prize is acquired for succeeding the objective Times †The time size of which the objective is to be accomplished in Boddy (2010) recommends that ‘’goals and targets are the same’’. Anyway in cases like this it could be contended that they are distinctive in which the objective is the general objective or point, and the arrangement which sees what is included to acquire this objective is comprised of individual destinations at each level. A broadly utilized administration model utilized inside for all intents and purposes each organization is the Competing Values Framework. ‘’It has been named as one of the fifty most significant models throughout the entire existence of business and has been examined and tried in associations for in excess of twenty five years’’ (CVF, 2009). The model is comprised of four parts and every quadrant speaks to an alternate model and the jobs that are played inside the model; which can be found in the outline beneath in Figure 1. 1. The accompanying area will show how the structure can be applied to singular organizations. Figure 1. 1 Competing Values Framework. Source: Octogram. net (2005) 2. 0 Application 3. 1 Kraft Foods Inc. Kraft Foods Inc. is the second biggest food organization on the planet creating yearly income of ? 54. 4 billion. The organization was established in 1903 in Chicago, North America, where their home office are as yet based, and shares started exchanging on the New York Stock Exchange in 1991. They have more than 126,000 workers in more than 70 nations and they offer items to buyers in 170 nations. Kraft’s items are isolated into five classifications: tidbits and grains, drinks, cheddar and dairy, basic food item, and helpful suppers. Well known easily recognized name brands incorporate Philadelphia, Oreo and Cadburys, which they as of late obtained in 2010 for $18. 5billion. The securing made the world’s biggest confectioner, and confectionary presently compensates for 28% of their net incomes. (Kraft Foods, 2012) In 2011 Kraft declared its expectation to make two autonomous open organizations before the finish of 2012 as a key methodology for development; one being a high development worldwide nibble business and the other a high edge North American basic food item business. 3. 2 PESTEL Analysis ‘PESTEL examination is a helpful device to comprehend the full scale condition in which Kraft Food Inc. perates and how these elements influence the organization. PESTEL structure assesses the dangers related with showcase development or decay, and the position and bearing of the organization. ’ (Bender and Ward, 2008) It looks at six changed portions, which are: Political, Economic, Social, Technolog ical, Environmental and Legal. In spite of the fact that there are numerous variables which fall under every one of the sections of the PESTEL examination it is essential to dissect them and select the most noteworthy elements which have the best impact on the organization. POLITICAL Kraft Foods Inc. s subject to different government and state laws in the U. S identifying with the security of the earth. They additionally have fabricating offices in 70 nations and shoppers in 170 nations which subjects them to individual ecological laws, wellbeing and cleanliness guidelines in each nation which they work. Monetary As Kraft works in 170 distinct nations, money vacillations and ominous trade rates can squeeze the company’s profit, especially with the current Eurozone emergency. ‘Increased joblessness in the U. S and different nations will lead shoppers to cut spending on premium quality products’, for example, those made by Kraft Foods Inc. (Bloomberg,2010) SOCIAL Diet designs are quickly changing in developing economies like Brazil, China and India. The individuals in these nations are spending more on bundled food and this social float has given organizations like Kraft to look towards developing markets to expand incomes. (Hurray Finance, 2010) Consumers are likewise getting progressively mindful about wellbeing ramifications of food which can cause corpulence. ‘Federal Trade Commission revealed that kid stoutness in the U. S has quadrupled in the last four decades’ (RWJF, 2008). Food and Beverage organizations need to react to these progressions to keep up its piece of the pie and benefits. Innovative ‘Kraft is putting vigorously in new innovation to decrease carbon dioxide emanation and ensure the earth. They have embraced a strategy where there is expanded utilization of rail and canal boat transport as opposed to utilizing trucks. ’ (Kraft Foods, 2010) ENVIRONMENTAL There is expanded weight from governments and the overall population about the manner in which organizations work and their impact on the earth. ‘In 2008 Kraft Foods Inc. ame under tension when Rainforest Action Network asked organizations, for example, Kraft Foods Inc. to quit purchasing palm oil from Indonesia to forestall deforestation. ’ (CNN, 2008) LEGAL Kraft works in an exceptionally managed condition with a continually developing lawful and administrative system around the globe; especially when s elling items for human utilization includes innate dangers, for example, tainting. ‘Cadbury, presently possessed by Kraft Foods Inc. needed to review 11 chocolate types in China in 2008 when in any event 50,000 children became sick and 4 kicked the bucket by milk polluted with a modern compound. ’ (BBC, 2008) 3. SWOT Analysis Another methodology that organizations actualize is the SWOT investigation. ‘’The center of this methodology is a straightforward and prominently sensible procedure that is worried about recognizing openings in the undertakings outer environment’’ (Pg No 721, Linstead, Fulop and Lilley, 2009). This investigation inspects the qualities and shortcomings inner to the organization and afterward the outside circumstances and dangers. In Kraft Foods Inc. case the qualities that can be recognized are that they are the world’s second biggest food organization and they have solid brand value with more than 100 years legacy. Anyway their shortcomings are that the Cadburys procurement came about in included obligation weight and they are liable to relentless rivalry from opponents, for example, Nestle. From the outer perspective an open door for the organization is that they could focus new items in the wellbeing related market, for example, presenting low fat or natural items. Yet, then again a danger for Kraft is that the Cadburys procurement brought about a ton of fights and terrible media from the British which brought about a drop of net revenues. 3. 4 Porters Five Forces Porter’s five powers is an investigation structure that distinguishes the seriousness force and the five powers generally pertinent to the gainfulness of the organization. ‘According to Porter (1980a) the capacity to acquire a satisfactory profit depends for five powers †the capacity of new contenders to enter the business, the danger of substitute items, the haggling intensity of purchasers, the dealing intensity of providers and the contention among existing customers’ (Boddy, 2008, Pg No 93). This system is exhibited in the outline underneath in Figure 2. 1. Figure 2. Watchmen Five Forces. Source: Wikepedia When taking a gander at the haggling intensity of providers with Kraft Food Inc. providers don't hold a lot of capacity to implement the organization to extricate their benefits because of the serious idea of the business. Purchasers anyway have a chance to separate firm benefits as request changes over the timeframe. Because of extreme rivalry in the m arket, there is a low opportunities for new participants to catch the market, and the danger of substitute items is medium as Kraft Foods Inc. hold such an enormous piece of the overall industry in

PowerPoint Presentation Services

PowerPoint Presentation Services Our PowerPoint Presentation Services Home›Our PowerPoint Presentation ServicesPowerPoint Presentation Services: Buy Presentation Projects OnlinePower Point presentation preparation may seem to be a simple task to accomplish. It is a great tool for creating presentations both in academic purposes and for work. However, in practice, it may not be that easy. PPT preparation requires good knowledge of MS Office and if you are not an advanced user of PC, it can become a problem for you. It is not surprising why many people assigned with a task of PPT preparation look for help. If you want your assignment to be done properly, you need to try hard and spend some time doing it. However, if you have no opportunity to complete the assignment yourself for some reason, you can always order PowerPoint presentation services and buy presentation online. Without doubt, you can try to look for useful tips online and do it yourself, but it is not always an option, especially if you lack time for ac tivities like that. Our ppt presentation services are your way out! Let professionals work on your presentation and provide you with the best PPT ever!What Is the Cost of Presentation?

Effect Of Letter Rotation Angle And Learning Style On...

The Effect of Letter Rotation Angle and Learning Style on Response Times in Determining Whether a Letter is Normal or Mirror Reversed Abstract There are two research questions, one was on the angle of rotation and the other involved learning styles, the dependent variable was, response time. To hypothesise visual learners will have a faster response time on deciding if a letter is normal or mirrored and upright letters will have a higher response time than the disorientated, likewise those that are normal will be easier to read than those that are mirrored An online VAK was filled out by 51 participants, to distinguish which participants had different learning styles. Letters were flashed on screen and participants had to use the keyboard to say what was normal or mirrored. The results found that response time was faster for kinaesthetic learners, and when images were upright than when at 180 º, or mirrored. A planned contrast was carried out for the within subjects design due to the results being significant. The aim of this report is to determine which learning group has a faster reaction time within the association of different letters that are of different orientations. This report will distinguish what type of learning style will have a quicker response time on alphanumerical recall, under different circumstances. Hatami (2012) defines learning style’s to be a person’s ideal way of learning, it is one they will understand, there are three learningShow MoreRelatedTeaching Assistant Level 2 (Assignment 3)6057 Words   |  25 Pagesthe Curriculum TASK 9: Using subject headings together with a brief summary of the subject, describe the range and main provisions of the relevant National curriculum in the school where you are employed. 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Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesglOBalization! 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The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. 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Native Americans Analytical Essay - 1200 Words

University of Puerto Rico in Bayamà ³n English Department Native Americans Analytical Essay Jhon Smith 841-03-9669 INGL 3326 LJ1 Dr. Vallejo Native Americans Analytic Essay Among the many cultures around the world, the Native American community is one of the many minorities who have gone through horrid times and still struggle to preserve their traditions. Their submission to the mainstream Anglo-Americans has led to a lot of issues. These are presented in Blue Winds Dancing by Tom White Cloud, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona by Sherman J. Alexie, and Black Elk Speaks by Black Elk for comparison. Of all the different narratives, pieces, and poems read about native Americans. These three drew particular†¦show more content†¦To this day and age, Native American tribes are segregated from the rest of the community with Reserves and Preservation camps, where they can do their way of life but only to a limit of their former cultural potential. As for This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona, loss and change in culture is presented by the customary reservations made specifically for Indians. Their cultural resources left are limited even more each passing day and they are forced to cope with the mainstream American civilization. As an example in this narrative, the main characters: Victor and Thomas had to make do with the little American money they had. For their journey, they also had to resort to an old truck, acquired only because of Victors fathers death in order to be able to come back home. The loss and change in culture is also present in Blue Winds Dancing. In the narrative, the author has to travel by catching trains (literally) just so he can reach his destination for civilized education while enduring insults and being cast away by the American society . As the author says: ...we just dont seem to fit anywhere. Certainly not among the whites.... In simple and true words, this is just what the Native Amer ican community faces each single day. Thanks to ignorance, anger and remorse; confusion with ones identity occurs in all three narratives although in different ways and perspectives. In Blue Winds Dancing, the narrative This Is What ItShow MoreRelatedIndians in Unexpected Places Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesDeloria, with his analytical survey, Indians in Unexpected Places, recounts the synthesis of western white expectations, and American Indians. The book takes its title from the general thesis, which explores not only the relationship between Indians and their introduction into an alien culture, but also the expectations that we have of Indians and how they â€Å"should† interact with our white western culture. According to Deloria, the common notion is that, â€Å"Indian people, corralled on isolated and impoverishedRead MoreEssay on Racial Hatred in Notes of a Native Son1630 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†: Baldwin’s Essay on the Disease of Racial Hatred Racism is an ugly word that churns up strong emotions whenever it is mentioned. Shocking images of lynchings, church bombings and race riots creep into the mind, and cause an almost physical reaction of repulsion and disgust. History books and old television clips do a good job of telling the story of racial hatred in America, but not what it actually felt like to be an African American during those times. JamesRead MoreAmerican Indian Liberation : American Indians And The Boarding School Experience852 Words   |  4 Pageshad a curiosity in the Native American culture, yet my previous studies led me away from any cultural academics over the years. 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Cloning to Save Lives - 608 Words

Another reason as to why human cloning technology still has a low success rate is due to the ethical reasons given by the government. According to NCSL in the article â€Å"Cloning Human Laws,† fifteen out of fifty one states have banned reproductive cloning. In addition, the banning of reproductive cloning will not support scientists with the funds for human cloning research, as well as prohibit the donation of human zygotes. This is significant because if there is no support from the government for funding and permission to research, then the human cloning technology will progress slowly and illegally in the United States. Contrary, Dr. Silver Lee believes that the cloned baby will be no different than children who are already born today. It will look like one parent and it will have many of the same behavior predispositions as the one parent. Dr. Silver Lee argues that there is no difference between a naturally reproductive baby and a clone baby. Children usually look like their parents so it does not matter if the baby is a clone or not, it will be treated like a child. Conversely, there are other reasons that cloning should be allowed in the fertility clinics. Cloning human beings could also be used to replace a loss one or to clone an exact replica of someone one we desired. In other words, many people will want to have babies with someone famous. Contrary, that is less likely to happen. According to Alissa Gauna who is the author of the article â€Å"You Stole My Steez,†Show MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Human Cloning848 Words   |  3 PagesHuman cloning is the process of taking an emptied human embryo and inserting the human DNA or the DNA of any living creature. After all this the embryo will grow and form as if it were in the womb and conceived normally. Human cloning is not just some make believe idea, it is here. Human cloning can save countless lives through stem cell research or by finding cures for diseases. Human cloning is not ju st cloning people depending on the cells in the embryo the embryo will grow to become those selectedRead MoreThe Consequences Of Cloning In Frankenstein By Mary Shelley1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe invention of cloning, both a blessing and a curse, can possibly enable humanity to reach eternal life. An invention is the creation of a device developed after a study or an experiment, in the hopes of benefiting society. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is about an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who creates life that he later rejects. His invention results in consequences for both himself and his creation. Both cloning and the creation of the monster was made to benefit and advance society’sRead MoreTherapeutic Cloning Essay1412 Words   |  6 Pagesordinary lives if it was not for the medical taboo created by just the word â€Å"Cloning†. Millions of people view cloning as unethical and unscrupulous, however, majority of these people have never researched read eve n one article of the amazing scientific principle. While the creation of human beings through cloning is wrong, the process of therapeutic cloning, the completely different procedure of therapeutic cloning is completely moral and could save millions of people. Therapeutic cloning is a credibleRead MoreThe Cloning Of Human Cloning1449 Words   |  6 Pagesit is said that the first person to live up to 1,000 years old is alive today. However, many humans have a fear that this power of creation is fashioning an earthy trinity of man, science, and technology. Many of those who believe and fear this idea are apprehensive of various upcoming technological advances. After the first successful cloning experiment of a sheep, Dolly, scientists have looked into human cloning and the benefits it would offer humanity. Cloning of humans would give parents who areRead MoreEssay on A Case for Cloning1447 Words   |  6 PagesOne reason people protest the idea of cloning is because may are mystifi ed as to how it could be used and what its purposes can be. I know that if it were your child, you would use every possible measure to keep them alive. The fact that we, as humans, might be able to figure out how to clone so that lives could be saved is extremely exciting and inspiring. On the other hand, there is a time and a place for everything, including research. While cloning is justifiable in certain circumstances, I wouldRead More Cloning Essay723 Words   |  3 Pages Is Human Cloning Ethical? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Imagine that you have just been diagnosed with lung cancer. You have been told you have six months to live unless you can find two replacement lungs. But, you are told and realize you are a clone and have to give your life to save another. Is that ethically right? Would you, the original human want to do it? I feel that cloning human beings is ethically and morally wrong. Cloning seems to be a big issue in the world today. The issues ofRead MoreShould Human Cloning Be Pursued? Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagessome movies, cloning in real life doesn’t produce a full grown exact replica of someone. A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born (â€Å"What Is Cloning?†). Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg c ell divide into a blastocyst (â€Å"What Is Cloning?†). There areRead MoreThe Cloning of Humans1398 Words   |  6 PagesYou can’t will a maxim where there is a diminishment of human dignity. Cloning humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other is a diminishment of human dignity. Therefore, cloning of humans is immoral. Human cloning is a practice which includes taking an egg from a human female, removing the nucleus, substituting it with the genetic material from the nucleus of another adult cell, and using electric shock or chemical bath to hoax the egg into thinking it has beenRead MoreAmazed by Cloning1544 Words   |  6 PagesCloning is an amazing complex thing! In this paper a person will learn some basic cloning information, the history of cloning, good and bad things about cloning, human cloning, and bringing back endangered species with the use of cloning. Information includes the processes and some animals that have been cloned. The history includes the different cloning achievements starting with the first artificial twin. The good and bad parts will of course talk about the pros and cons of cloning. HumanRead MoreThe Intense Debate Over Cloning753 Words   |  3 Pagespeople to realize many things their ancestors would not have even dreamed of. Cloning is absolutel y one of them. Having identical twins without being born on the same they is like a dream come true. But what is cloning exactly? Cloning ,particularly in biotechnology, is the process used to create copies of DNA fragment, cells, or organisms. Attempts at cloning might go back to much earlier times such as the attempt made by Hans Dreisch

Report on Organizational Risks in Fruito

Question: Write theReport on Organizational Risks in Fruito. Answer: Introduction Background: Fruito, the largest fruit shop in Australia selling fruits and vegetables to retail markets as well as directly to the the customers. They also supply their products to hotels and restaurants. The procedure of internal control is planned to offer required assurance for achieving the objectives of operation, compliance, strategy and reporting (Chan, 2016). Management of risk is an essential segment of internal control. The management of risk is essential for attaining the aim of managing and predicting the probable risks and finding the way to eliminate them (Munsif, Raghunandan Rama, 2012). Aims: The aims of this report are: To recognize the risk in financial level, risk of mishandling the assets and risk of mishandling the products and the effectiveness and correctness of operations and identifying the role of internal control (Maughan et al., 2016). To identify the effect of the risks on the business of the organization; To suggest the methods to eliminate or reduce the risks (Kersting Wollni, 2012). Description of Expenditure Cycle The main purpose for the cycle of expenditure is to alter their cash into human resource and physical materials needed to operate the business. As like other organizations, Fruito also conducts their business on credit payment system and makes the payment after receiving the stores (Reynolds et al., 2015). Stages of Expenditure Cycle The time gap between the receipt of stores and payment for the same divides the procurement procedure into two stages: (1) Physical stage, which includes the acquiring of the stores (2) Financial stage, which involves the payment of cash. Cycle of Expenditure Related to Control and Risk As the payment is made after the receipt of goods, there is chances that the payment may not match with the cost booked for orders, if proper system for raising invoice and voucher for payment are nor reconciled. The requisition list and received items list should be matched properly. As the companys records are maintained in manual basis, there is great chance of misstatement of data for purchase, receipt or payment. After the receipt of goods, they are not transferred to warehouse immediately. As fruits and vegetables are perishable products, there is a high possibility that the goods will be perished and will result in loss for the company. In the system of payment, only one person is engaged with the job of making all the payments and keeping the records. Therefore, chances are there that he may make mistakes or may manipulate the data for his personal purpose. In few instances, the payment voucher does not contain the signature of higher authorities (Harsono et al., 2013). Risks and their Probable Effect on Fruito Fruitos purchasing system starts with the preparation of requisition order after checking the inventory level of the fruits and vegetables in the warehouse and completes with the receipt of stores. Risks involved with the process of receiving and ordering and their effects are: After checking the inventory level, they prepare the requisition for order manually. Manual order preparation is susceptible to misstatement and chances are there that wrong quantity for orders are placed. The raw materials required for Fruitos business are fresh fruits and vegetables from local farmers. As most of the fruits are seasonal in nature, it may hamper the business activity if required quantity is not received (Seymour et al., 2013). After receiving the stores, it takes some time to send the goods to warehouse. There are high chances that the fruits and vegetables will be rotten as the goods are of perishable nature. As the fruits and vegetable are of seasonal nature, Fruito needs to maintain high level for inventories. Despite of taking measures to preserve the fruits in good condition, there are chances that the goods will be perished. Processed vegetables and fruits are sold to retailers and direct customers for credit. It generally takes 30-60 days for receipt of payment. Huge amount of money involved with the debtor affect the companys financial viability (Cerutti et al. 2014). Recommendation to Mitigate Risk To mitigate or reduce the above listed risks, the company must follow the following recommendations: Install the computer system to maintain the data rather maintain the data in manual basis preparation of order requisition and order placing quantity should be cross checked by any higher authority Fruito should communicate with more suppliers, so that required quantity of raw material can be obtained easily They can maintain higher inventory level for seasonal fruits and vegetables (Ashurst, 2016). Goods should be transferred to the warehouse immediately to protect them from perishing The fruits and vegetables which are of more perishable nature should be processed first to reduce the chances of perishing. Fruito should use better preservation system to minimise the perishing level They should use modern amenities in warehouse to keep the vegetables and fruits in fresh condition. As the sale is made in credit system and payment is received in 30-60 days, Fruito can engage one debt collector who will collect the debt in short period in exchange of commission. Fruito can introduce discount system for payment made before the expiration of time. This will influence the debtors to make payment on time (Tracy Wright, 2016) Risk Impact Recommendation Way to mitigate 3.1. Manual preparation of requisition 3.2. Shortage of supply 3.3. Goods not sent to warehouse immediately after receipt 3.4. Fruits and vegetable are of seasonal nature 3.5. Long-term credit Misstatement of quantity Hamper the business activity Vegetables and fruits are perished Needs to maintain high level for inventories Huge amount of money involved with the debtor 4.1.(a)Prepare the requisition in computer (b)The invoice should be properly authorised 4.2.(a)Contact other suppliers (b)Maintain high level of inventory 4.3.(a) Goods should be transferred to the warehouse immediately (b) More perishable goods should be processed first 4.4.(a) Should use better preservation system (b) Use modern amenities in warehouse 4.5.(a) Can engage one debt collector (b) Introduce discount system for early payment Install computer system in the company and maintain the record in that Efficient and reliable supplier should be contracted. More employees should be engaged for handling the received goods Establish new warehouse with better preservation system Debt collector should be engaged in terms of payment of commission Table 1: Risk factor and recommendation (Sources: As created by author) Conclusion From the above discussions, it can be concluded that, the purpose of this report is to find out the importance of internal control in the business process, the risks involved with the order and receipt process of inventories and the recommendations to minimise the risks. It is found from the report that the main issue with the company Fruito is that they maintain their records in manual system. Other issues involved in their business are the warehousing of the goods, processing of the goods and receipt of payment. To reduce these risks, the company should install computer system in their offices, manage the payment system through hiring debt collector and process the raw materials in accordance with their perishable level. Reference: Ashurst, P. R. (2016).Chemistry and technology of soft drinks and fruit juices. John Wiley Sons. Cerutti, A. K., Beccaro, G. L., Bruun, S., Bosco, S., Donno, D., Notarnicola, B., Bounous, G. (2014). Life cycle assessment application in the fruit sector: state of the art and recommendations for environmental declarations of fruit products.Journal of Cleaner Production,73, 125-135. Chan, D. K. W. (2016). The effects of internal control reporting regulation on Control Quality, Compensation and Audit Quality. InWorkshop on Accounting and Economics, EIASM 2016. Harsono, S. S., Grundman, P., Lau, L. H., Hansen, A., Salleh, M. A. M., Meyer-Aurich, A., ... Ghazi, T. I. M. (2013). Energy balances, greenhouse gas emissions and economics of biochar production from palm oil empty fruit bunches.Resources, Conservation and Recycling,77, 108-115. Kersting, S., Wollni, M. (2012). New institutional arrangements and standard adoption: evidence from small-scale fruit and vegetable farmers in Thailand.Food Policy,37(4), 452-462. Maughan, T., Drost, D., Olsen, S., Black, B. (2016). Good Agricultural Practices (GAP): Certification Basics. Munsif, V., Raghunandan, K., Rama, D. V. (2012). Internal control reporting and audit report lags: Further evidence.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,31(3), 203-218. Reynolds, C. J., Piantadosi, J., Buckley, J. D., Weinstein, P., Boland, J. (2015). Evaluation of the environmental impact of weekly food consumption in different socio-economic households in Australia using environmentally extended inputoutput analysis.Ecological Economics,111, 58-64. Seymour, G. B., stergaard, L., Chapman, N. H., Knapp, S., Martin, C. (2013). Fruit development and ripening.Annual review of plant biology,64, 219-241. Tracy, J., Wright, J. (2016). Payment changes and default risk: The impact of refinancing on expected credit losses.Journal of Urban Economics,93, 60-70.

6 Reasons You Must Stop Wasting Time on Facebook and Invest It on LinkedIn

6 Reasons You Must Stop Wasting Time on Facebook and Invest It on LinkedIn Last week, an article entitled Facebook Lurking Can Make You Feel Miserable, According to Study made a very credible claim that people who spend an hour on Facebook per day (the national average) have more of a tendency toward depression than those who spend 5 minutes per day or less on the site. Some people, many of them teens, may spend many hours on the site, addictively checking their â€Å"Likes† and their friends’ feeds. The study found that Facebook lurking (reading without interacting) leads to depression because we have a tendency to compare ourselves to others. Whether we think they are doing better or worse than we are, these comparisons still lead to depression. (How can they not when we are constantly checking on our friends’ updates?) And here’s the rub: We convince ourselves that we will feel better after using Facebook, whereas the opposite is true. Rather than be uplifted by a sense of connection, most people experience a sense of having wasted time. The study showed that decreasing Facebook use, and staying away from browsing sections that invoke envy, can cause positive changes for people who were experiencing depression. Facebook users were more at risk of depression if they displayed the following: Felt envy after observing others Accepted former partners as Facebook friends Made negative social comparisons Made frequent negative status updates If you’re a LinkedIn user, why subject yourself to this risk when there’s another option? Here’s why I think you would do better to spend your time on LinkedIn: LinkedIn is unlikely to be a waste of time. If you are on LinkedIn, you are almost certainly building your networks or learning something valuable about your industry. You are unlikely to be watching cat videos, looking at gorgeous photographs of places you will never visit, or getting sucked into political conversations. And you only need to spend 20 minutes a day! It’s safer to accept invitations from former partners on LinkedIn. You will not be subjected to updates on their love lives or news about how well they are doing socially without you. While you might experience a twinge upon an announcement of an old partner’s new job, I believe it pales in comparison with what you might feel looking at their Facebook feed. If you’re feeling jealous of other people’s jobs, at least you can do something about it. LinkedIn is designed so that if someone you know gets a job you want, you can reach out to them and talk about how they did it. Maybe you’ll get tips on how to reach that goal yourself! LinkedIn encourages this type of interaction rather than encouraging you to stew in a jealous mire. You’ll learn about relevant topics on LinkedIn rather than have to wade through streams of irrelevant postings. By joining groups on LinkedIn, you can ensure that you receive posts that relate to your fields of interest. You can also manage the information that comes through your LinkedIn news feed (although come aspects of this feature are under construction). As per LinkedIn, you can customize your feed  on desktop and the mobile app by hiding updates from your connections, unfollowing connections and companies, and discovering new content. You’re unlikely to become â€Å"addicted† to LinkedIn. You’ll be able to accomplish what you set out to accomplish on the site, get it done, and move on with your life. Time on LinkedIn is time invested in yourself and your career. It is an exercise in creating opportunities. Every post you publish, well-considered connection you make, and conversation you engage in on LinkedIn creates visibility for you in your professional network. Whatever your career or business goals, this is good news. And Facebook can hardly claim that. One note of caution: Even LinkedIn is not a good place to be late at night. Nighttime use of social media has been linked to sleep problems in many studies. So take care of your LinkedIn activity during daytime or early evening hours! What do you think? Are you ready to trade in your addictive Facebook behavior for some more constructive social media time? I’d love to hear your thoughts (and plans) below. Save Save Save Save

Pigman and me essays

Pigman and me essays The novel was a great example of how most young kids grow up in todays society. Many kids influence either being raised in a single parent household, living in a small town, or being bullied by mean people. The young Zindal explains to the reader his life while growing up in Travis, N.J. He lived with his mother, sister Betty, and the Vivona family. The vivona family consists of Connie and her twin boys. The story begins when Pauls mother had got evicted for not paying rent at their last apartment. The family had to experience all of these difficulties because their dad ran off with another woman and did not leave them anything, to help them survive. When his mom meat Connie, she had a few dollars to her name and his mom was a good person of talk, and this how they ended up in Travis. This was supposed to be a change for the better in their lives, but instead it ended up being just like everywhere else they lived. This was due to his moms attitude and hatred toward men. Now onc e again she was making promises of this home being better than all the rest. Paul wrote the novel based on how he viewed his life growing up during this period and while he lived in Travis. He is the type of writer that try to pull you the reader into the story, this way you will better understand the different issues involved. He does a great job of being adventures with the stories, but not so well when he tries to move from story to story. Many different issues involved in the novel where unclear. One issue was how Jennifer cried because she could see her self as becoming a zombie. Another issue was how Nonno Frankie had to come out and cook and bring groceries for his grown daughter or they would not eat properly. That is not all that gave me trouble while reading the novel. His mom has a real problem with low self-esteem issues. She hated men, talked bad about people, always had a get rich scheme, and would ...

Evaluate an article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evaluate an article - Essay Example For example, the investments in energy production reduced by 20% following the Asian crisis of 1999. The investments reduced by 10% and later recovered a decade after the crisis (The Economist Newspaper 1). In order for the firms to survive in a competitive market they should engage cost reduction strategies. Oil companies should employ strategies for reducing the cost of transporting oil and gas in order to survive the declining oil prices. They must utilize the most appropriate engineering techniques that can lessen the cost of production. For example, Wells deals with varieties of oil and gas that enables them to lower the prices of their products. They pipe oil from Eagle Ford Play in Texas because it is cheaper than using the train to transport it from Bakken formation in North Dakota (The Economist Newspaper 1). In conclusion, the declining price of commodities can undermine the investors and result in a reduction in economic growth. However, it helps the management to come up new approaches for reducing production cost and increasing productivity. This article is suitable for assessing the effects of technological advancements on cost reduction and improving business

Global Environmental Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Environmental Change - Assignment Example (Tollefson, 2009, p. 29) The arctic holds an important place in the debatable issue of maintaining life on earth in a sustainable way. However, this discussion centres on the Arctic region itself and more precisely on depleting population of the arctic Polar Bears rather than the chain effect of the susceptible artic on the rest of the world. The last hundred years have witnessed an increase in global temperature by 0.6 degree centigrade. (Jenssen, 2006, p. 78) Moreover from 1976 the rate is even higher and unmatchable by any time encompassing past thousand years. The effect of such rise in temperature is most visible through the extent of ice melting in the high and mid altitude area. In less than fifty years the snow has decreased by 10%. (Jenssen, 2006, p. 78) For the survival of a species, the survival of its habitat and food source is of utmost importance. With the rise in global temperature the extent of ice will decline in the Arctic and so will its duration of frozen state, resulting in less area for the seals to stay and breed. Seals are the most important food source of the polar bear; so any effect on their population will directly reduce the food basket of the polar bears. It has also been observed that for large mammals any change in global temperature affects the juvenile survival rate. From this point of v iew both the seal and the bear are equally exposed to risk. Therefore the bear suffers from two sides - reduced present and future food source and reduced juvenile survival rate. Again the polar bear hunts on ground (solid ice). Any reduction of ice extent will leave the bear with smaller ground to catch seals. (Jenssen, 2006, p. 78) In front of global climatic change the arctic ice plate has also undergone changes in terms of thickness and has become fractured in many places. Furthermore the ocean now freezes in later part of the year and all these in a cumulative way are depleting the habitat of polar bear. (O’Neill et al, 2008, p. 1650).

Importance of employee relationship management

Importance of employee relationship management Employee-relationship management is an important aspect of any organizations success. The world is becoming increasingly global, the competition in different industries is soaring high coupled with rising recession woes and layoffs. Amidst, these kind of panicky and intense circumstances, stress levels at work places have been at an all time high. It is thus, very important to effectively manage employees in organizations. Social values and beliefs systems play a pivotal role in shaping up the attitude and behavior of various individuals and organizations towards employment-management relationship. Many individuals tend to look for a broader, introspective meaning in the work that will enable them to feel that they are contributing to the community at large. In most organizations, the urge to behave ethically and to assume responsibility for social and environmental consequences of their doing, has become mandatory in developing good employment relationship management at work. The tr end for individual and organizational behavior is more output oriented today. The output is in line with the ethical and social values that have a direct impact on psychological contracts created in todays organizations. This paper will critically analyze psychological contract in the contemporary organization. What are the issues associated with psychological contract, what are the ethical standards of behavior, in light of both, the individual as well as the organization. It is important to study this, because employee performance is directly related to his morale and higher the employee morale, the higher his productivity and higher the chances of enterprise productivity. According to Nelson, employees evaluate the organizations actions with respect to the contributions the organization has contracted deliver. When they see no discrepancies, the psychological contact continues to remain stead. On the other hand, Feldman believes that if a discrepancy is observed, the individual will undergo a cognitive process in figuring out if the discrepancy has a positive or a negative impact. If they feel that its a positive impact, then business continues as usual while if the impact is negative then the discrepancy is considered as a breach. Anderon and Schalk, Morrision and Robinso are of the view that the level of emotional involvement will determine if the breach is a violation indeed. They believe that a lot of factors are responsible in magnifying the scale of the loss. This includes the history and the current stature of the employment relationship too. This means that not every discrepancy can be considered as a breach and not every breach can be qualify to to be called contractual violated.However, the expanded interpretive framework. Thus, as explained by Nelson in his study, the expansion of the interpretive framework for the psychological helps us to look beyond the constraints associated with transactional and relational parameters that have held sway in most research related to psychological contract. It allows us to identify the boundaries of individual-organization,where relationships are subjective and can be affected by forces that exist beyond these boundaries. In another study conducted by Cheng Ping Chang and PO Chiun HSU, an interview method was used to explore the psychological contracts of temporary employees working at the Administration Bureau of South Taiwan Science Park. The results of the study suggest that improvements in management practices and worker welfare work positively. These suggestions can be employed by government agencies who hire temporary employees. The term psychological contract was introduced by Argyris in 1960. He linked it with an unwritten agreement. He explains that whenever an employment relationship exisits, an innate psychological contract takes form between the individual and the organization. On the other hand, Levinson believes that psychological contract is an unwritten, connotative contract on the general rights, duties, and expectations of employeer and employee. There are two dimensions of this contract: the individual and the employee. Schein on the other hand feels that psychological contract play s a pivotal role in shaping the behavior of an organization. These views were contradicted by Rousseau who recently explained that the psychological contract is more than just agreement between the employee and the organization. It is an individuals trust in the organizations. Its about the individuals belief of their employment and the the extent to which they feel that the employer is dedicated to them. Thus the perception of psychological contract varies in light of general expectations, the individuals belief about work, or their expected status in the organization. In Changs study a qualitative analysis was undertaken to determine the difference between the psychological contract as perceived by a temporary employee and as implemented by the employment company actually. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with employees at the Bureau of South Taiwan Science Park and the data consolidated and analysed. The results of the study demonstrate that ideal psychological contract of the temporary employee resembles that of a permanent employee. Because temporary employees, do not receive benefits such as bonuses and vacations,certain differences exist between the permanent and the temporary employee. In their study, Culliane and Tundane have questioned the theoretical deficiencies in the existing literatureon psychological contract. From the work of Argyris to Rousseau to Guest recently, there is a realization that more needs to be done to give the psychological contract a viable framework which is capable of understanding thhe complex nature of the relation between the employeer and the employee. They also threw light on some of the central points which have been left un-attended in literature. The need to theorize the psychological contract to advance understanding was voiced out by them. Irrespective of various theoretical and empirical implication, the paper realizes that the notion of psychological contract continues to be popular in todays age and time. In the study conducted by Jeffrey. N. Street, employee commitment to the organization was examined as an outcome variable fo the psychological contract. He explains it is generally referred by many as the employee perception of the value he gets in exchange of his work at employment. Streets study is primarily conceptual in nature with propositions related to the impact on individualism and collectivisim on the type of contract formed, whether transactional or relational are offered and discussed. Street draws comparison between the psychological contract of the Japenese and Americans. While Japaneese psychological contract of the employee is relational, in the United States, it is primarily transactional. In transactional contracts, there are tangible benefits such as salary betweent the employee and the employeer while high competitive wages and absence of long term commitments are characteristics of transactional contracts. Street proposed a study on mid-level managers and mid-career salaried professionals of Japanese-American firms stationed in the United States and of Japanese firms located in Japan. He believed that the organizational level and position of each participant would be identified by each company on the basis of the description of the target respondent. The study has its own limitations. The biggest problem in studying Japanese owned firms in the United States is the fact that they are unusual organizations and have little in common with other organizations. There is a lot of cultural diversity in the United States. It impacts the influence of individualism on the formation of the psychological contract. The study will have determine the impact of changes in work atmosphere in the United States where jobs are no longer considered as safe because of the extent of change in society in the last couple of decades.

Organizational Technology :: Technologies of Communication

We live in an age of communication. Communication is the problem and the opportunity addressed by a great deal of technology design and development. But because communication is an interpersonal and a social phenomenon, technology issues must be approached with a particular appreciation of human and social factors. The organization of societies today requires effective global communication between diverse and far-flung social and cultural systems. Only through technical mediation are we able to maintain the flows of commerce and information required by the world-wide interdependence. Technologies of communication become the means of production, or production format, of communication. Their use in communication is not transparent. In fact, technologies introduce new contingencies and context into communication. Analysis of communication and interaction in society today needs to account for the transformative effects of mediation. Technologies are rational by design, and in use, they rationalize human activity. Human communication and interaction, however, are neither rational nor designed. The difference between the technical and the human shows up in technology at what we call the "interface." In our case, we will consider this not just a user interface, but a social interface. It is social because it translates communication (messages, content) while also facilitating the subtle and tacit exchange of interpersonal acknowledgments. The latter, though they don't "say" anything, reproduce our relations. Social interface issues generally involve ambiguities of communication, intent, outcome and so on. These ambiguities result from technology's mediation of practices in which individuals are normally able to address and resolve ambiguities as they come up. It's at the social interface where the distinction between communication's content and participants' relationships becomes an issue, because the technology that's good for transmitting content may not be good for reproducing relationships. The implicit purpose of communication is to motivate a listener (or recipient) to do, or understand, something communicated. Thus the use of technology extends and limits the very power of communication. It extends our ability to access and connect, but limits our ability to communicate and bind. Repercussions can be seen at all levels of society, from individual and interpersonal to macro-social. Our study of communication technologies will borrow from pragmatics, which is branch of linguistics that emphasizes the "how" of what we say (in addition to the "what"). A pragmatics of mediated interaction would thus emphasize the production and performance of mediated communication and interaction, focusing on the practices developed around connectivity technologies.

Critical Analysis on a Tale of Two Cities

Chelsey Cardwell Dual Credit English 1/3/12 Mr. Burns A Literary Analysis of A Tale of Two Cities I. Introduction Charles Dickens’ twelfth novel, A Tale of Two Cities, was written to show all of the good and evil that was present during the French Revolution. He uses the two main cities, London and Paris, to represent this, and then ties in a love story with many different symbols of good and evil such as Darnay and Carton, Madame Defarge and Miss Pross. In his novel, Dickens also shows both sides of the revolution with the peasants and the aristocracy. He expresses how they are both evil although the peasants are the people who we would be accustomed to feel pity for. An example of this is when the Marquis runs over a peasant boy in the streets and only fears that his horses might have been hurt. Monsieur Defarge runs to Gaspard (the father of the child) and says â€Å"Be brave man, my Gaspard! It is better for the poor plaything to die so, than to live. It has died in a moment without pain. Could it have lived an hour as happily† (102)? This is a heart wrenching quote that allows the reader to understand just how atrocious the peasant’s lives were; that is was a relief for a child to die quickly than to live out their life as a peasant being stepped on by the aristocracy. Dickens’ novel, although challenging to some, has a great message of hope and positive change with an enjoyable depiction of true events during the French Revolution. II. Themes The most obvious theme seen throughout the book is the idea, and need for transformation. The repetition of the words â€Å"recalled to life† presents most of the change that occurs. This theme applies to Doctor Manette, who is recalled to life when Mr. Lorry and Lucie bring him home from prison and cure his unhealthy mind, giving him another chance at having a life with his beloved daughter. Carton is also recalled to life, for example he describes himself to Lucie as â€Å"self-flung away, wasted, drunken, poor creature of misuse,† and Lucie replies by asking Carton if she can recall him to a better ways (â€Å"Overview† par 3). Carton sacrifices himself to allow Lucie to be happy. He says â€Å"It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; It is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known† (360). At the end of the novel, the narrator describes what Carton’s last words would have been. He tells how Carton envisioned Lucie having a son and naming him after Carton, he says, â€Å"I see him winning it (his name) so well, that my name is made illustrious there by the light of his. I see blots threw upon it, faded away† (360). He knows this child will live the life he should have, and in a way continue to redeem Carton for wasting his own life. Roger Cly is also seen within this theme; â€Å"Cly’s death and burial as an Old Bailey Spy, complete with an enraged London mob, is a fraud, a means of his escaping England with John Barsard. Cly, too, then, is â€Å"buried† and resurrected† (â€Å"Themes and Construction† par 4). Transformation is also evident throughout France because of the strict, evil aristocracy. The peasants believe revolting will give them the change they want, although it only makes the situation worse. Another important theme within the novel is revenge. Dickens creates entire chapters on the Marquis to show how horrid the aristocracy was, and yet he also condemns the peasants for revolting to it. Near the end of the novel, Dickens says, â€Å"Sow the same seed of rapacious licence and oppression over again, and it will surely yield the same fruit according to its kind† (355). This shows his idea that if they continue teaching their generations the same beliefs that they have, a greater change will never be obtained. Another example of the unruly people is when the do the Carmagnole around Lucie as she waits for the imprisoned Darnay to hopefully catch a glance of her. The Carmagnole was known as the dance of the revolution that was very wild and grotesque, which was headed by The Vengeance; this showed the deranged, mad actions of the peasants. Revenge is also what drives both sides of the novel (the love story and the revolution). The peasants are constantly trying to revolt against the higher-ups for revenge for their treatment. On the love side, Lucie and Darnay would have lived happily ever after had Madame Defarge not had Darnay charged and sentenced to death for revenge of her slain family by Darnay’s family. Madame Defarge’s best friend’s name is even The Vengeance, which shows how vengeful that particular group of peasants really was. Madame Defarge says, â€Å"Let me but lift my finger! She seemed to raise it, and to let it fall with a rattle on the ledge before her (Lucie), as if the axe had dropped† (325). She will not stop and be satisfied with the death of the last member of the family who killed her family; she vows to get Lucie also. When she attempts to carry out her promise, she loses her life in a tussle with Miss Pross; her incurable desire for revenge brought her own death upon her. Imprisonment is another obvious theme within the novel. Dickens begins his novel with Doctor Manette being finally released from his imprisonment. Darnay is also later imprisoned many times, and is eventually sentenced to the fate of the Guillotine. In a sense, Carton is also imprisoned but it is an internal conflict within himself rather than a physical imprisonment. He is ultimately set free by giving up his own life so that Darnay and Lucie can live theirs out together. Imprisonment also coincides with the theme of family. The importance of family is implied with the reuniting of Lucie and her long lost father. Doctor Manette was locked away for some time, and he was unable to recognize his own daughter. When Monsieur Defarge begins to question Lucie’s father, he answers with a voice that Dickens describes as â€Å"lost the life and resonance of the human voice, that it affected the senses like a once beautiful colour faded away into a poor, weak stain† (37), and the love and realization of his only family member left is what brings him out of this trance like state. Lucie marries Darnay and the hope at a long happy family is given, until Darnay’s life is to be taken. Carton realizes Lucie will only be happy with her family, and he loves her and knows she does not deserve to be without her family again, so he decides to switch places with Darnay. Class is also an evident theme within the novel that is shown mostly within the violence between the aristocracy and the peasants. The aristocracy is so arrogant, that they have no other care in the world other than themselves. The Monseigneur sees himself so highly that he must have four men to serve him his chocolate, the narrator tells the extent of this by saying, â€Å" Deep would have been the blot upon his escutcheon if his chocolate had been ignobly waited on by only three men; he must have died of two† (96). On the other side, the peasants are so low that when an innocent child is killed in the streets, the aristocracy doesn’t care, and the child’s father is told to be happy that the child is gone to a better place and doesn’t have to live the life they are living (102). III. Symbolism Dickens uses many examples of symbolism throughout his novel, many being quite evident to the reader. When wine is spilled on the streets and all of the peasants rush to it to drink all that they can, a man writes the word blood on the wall, which is exactly what the wine stood for, all the blood that will be spilled in result of the revolution. The owner of the wine shop looks at him and says, â€Å"What now? Are you a subject for the mad hospital† (29)? The owner is calling the peasant crazy for writing it, which makes him a symbol for all the crazy peasants who cause the spill of blood later on in these exact same streets. Blood is also symbolized after the reading of the old letter written by Doctor Manette, the court room is described by giving off â€Å"a sound of craving and eagerness that had nothing articulate in it but blood† (317). This exemplifies how everyone wanted the blood shed of Darnay after such evidence was found coming from Doctor Manette. Symbolism is also used with Dickens decision in use of characters. Madame Defarge and Miss Pross symbolize good and evil, and this is also shown with the families they live within. The two cities referred to in the title of the book, London and Paris are symbolized within Darnay and Carton. Darnay is the civilized London, and Carton being the corrupt Paris. Carton receives a chance at redeeming himself and making everything change for the better, which is exactly what Paris needs, and is what the peasants are all revolting for. He also uses this aspect of good and evil within the opening lines of the book, â€Å"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness† (1), by beginning the book with these lines, Dickens is foreshadowing all of the dark and light events that will come about during the book. More symbolism within the characters is evident when Carton is awaiting his death and he meets his love match. This was symbolic to him in that he has done the right thing and has redeemed himself of his wasted life. Dickens narrates in the novel that the ones watching Carton die thought him to look â€Å"sublime and prophetic† (359). He was ready and content with his decision. Another example of this is Madame Defarge’s knitting. Greek Mythology links knitting to vengefulness and fate; the goddess (Nemesis) of indignation against evil deeds and undeserved fortune is the category Madame Defarge falls into (â€Å"Nemesis† par. 1). The Golden Thread is also a symbol; it is referring to Lucie because she weaves herself through people’s lives and brings them into a chance at having a better future (her father, and Carton). The Marquis is a symbol of corrupt France. â€Å"It appeared, under the circumstances, rather agreeable to him to see the common people dispersed before his horses, and often barely escaping from being run down† (101). He obviously enjoys the torment and fear of the peasants and has no sympathy for them at all, which is symbolic of the whole French aristocracy’s feelings. They viewed the peasants â€Å"as if they had been mere rats come out of their holes† (102). Another very important symbol dealing with the revolution is the Guillotine. â€Å"All the devouring and insatiate Monsters imagined since imagination could record itself, are fused in the one realization, Guillotine† (355). This is how Dickens describes the guillotine to show how appalling and evil of a symbol it stood as during this time. The guillotine was also referred to in the novel as the â€Å"sharp female newly-born† (241) showing its popular role in the revolution. IV. Irony Dickens uses many different examples of dramatic, verbal, and situational irony to add excitement to his novel. Verbal irony is evident as the book progresses. It is discovered that Jerry Cruncher is not an honest tradesman, but a sneaky resurrection man. He ruins his honesty title by lying to his son about his job and saying that he is only going fishing. The verbal irony within this is when Jerry is called â€Å"an honest tradesman† (155). Dramatic irony is shown when Carton trades places with Darnay. It is ironic because we know what has happened and no one else is yet aware, and then everyone but Darnay’s family believes he is really put to death. The Vengeance says, â€Å"Evermonde will be despatched in a wink, and she not here! (357). She, along with everyone else, believes the Evermonde family is about to be finally vanquished. Situational irony occurs when an old letter written by Doctor Manette is brought into Darnay’s trial, it is a written account of how the Evermondes raped and killed a helpless woman and her family which is evidence condemning Darnay’s name. It is never expected that Doctor Manette could be used against Darnay because he has accomplished so much to help him. â€Å"And all the worse for the doomed man, that the denouncer was a well-known citizen, his own attached friend, the father of his wife† (318). Another example of situational irony is Doctor Manette becoming the father-in-law of a member of the family who almost took his life away from him forever. V. Characterization Dickens depicts his characters well, and spends line upon line describing them to allow the reader to gather the image he wants them to see. Sydney Carton is the most dynamic, and the author shows this by writing how his thoughts clear and he decides to trade places with Darnay out of his love for Lucie and want for her to keep her family together that she so strongly needs after her growing up an orphan. Doctor Manette is shown as a man of mystery in the beginning of the story, â€Å"every human creature is constituted to be that profound secret and mystery to every other† (10). He is a mystery to Lucie and Mr. Lorry, and then Dickens brings him out of his shell by giving him a relationship with Lucie. With the characters Carton and Doctor Manette, the author shows us how vital relationships are, and how they can affect a person and their actions. Dickens doesn’t characterize Lucie and Darnay very much, but in a sense he has no need to because the other characters control their fate. Dickens chose Madame Defarge to depict the revolution; and it is her vengeful attitude is what brings her to her death, when she goes after Lucie and is shot during a fight with Mrs. Pross (352). VI. Point of View Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities in third person omniscient, and he reveals thoughts, emotions, and reasons for each characters actions along with historical text which adds much spice to the novel. By choosing to write in third person omniscient he keeps established, clear motives and does not keep the writer in the dark about anything which keeps them itching to read further. This also adds much effect on the book when Carton surprisingly buys drugs and exchanges places with Darnay. VII. Conclusion A Tale of Two Cities is a novel that has thrived throughout the years, and is so appealing because it is a mixture of true historical events entwined within a love story. Dickens was a very talented writer, but it is best for a reader to do prior research before they engulf in the task of reading the novel because Dickens uses so many words to describe one person, place, or thing which makes it difficult for many readers to keep their mind within the book. For example, in the very first chapter of the book, Dickens uses two and a half pages just to tell about France and England rather just coming out with what was going on at the time. Works Cited Atsma, Aaron J. â€Å"NEMESIS : Greek Goddess of Retribution & Indignation | Mythology, W/ Pictures. † THEOI GREEK MYTHOLOGY, Exploring Mythology & the Greek Gods in Classical Literature & Art. Theoi Project, 13 Oct. 2000. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. . Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. 1859. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice Hall, 2005. Print.

The Onset Of The Disease - 977 Words

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